ABSTRACT
Proper analysis of human skeletal remains is very essential for medico legal and anthropological work. The mandible is the largest and the strongest bone of face. Mandible retains its shape better than other bones, so, it plays an important role for forensic osteology and anthropological works, hence, aim of present study to measure and compare the measurement of mandibular ramus and to assess the utility of mandibular ramus as aid in gender determination. 52 dry and adult human mandibles of known sex (29 male and 23 female) were used in this study. Measurement of the ramus and angle of the mandible were measured by sliding Vernier caliper and with the help of protector and the result was statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS software. In results it is found that angle of mandible in 29 male & 23 female mandibles of right side, mean & SD is 122.24 ± 6.71 & 124.61 ± 5.33 respectively and "P" value is 0.1734. Similarly in case of left side mean & SD is 121.59 ± 6.65 & 124.17 ± 5.87 respectively and "P" value is 0.1489. While measuring minimus ramus breadth it is noticed that mean & SD for right side in male and female are 31.44 ± 2.68 & 29.22 ± 3.040 respectively and the "P" value is 0.0073, on the other that, mean & SD for left side in male and female are 31.56 ± 2.47 & 29.31 ± 3.53 respectively and the "P" value is 0.0095Measurement of mandibular ramus may be used to differentiate between male and female bones and to determine the position of mandibular foramen and canal by maxillofacial and plastic surgeons to preserve the neurovascular bundles of mandible during surgeries.
ABSTRACT
The right and left coronary artery arises from the anterior and left posterior sinus of Valsalva respectively. Aortic root is an important area for various interventional diagnostic and surgical procedures for cardiologist and radiologist which comprises of the bulbar aortic sinus and the proximal ascending aorta. 50 cadaveric human heart specimens (25 male and 25 female) were used by dissection method. It has been observed that the mean diameter of left coronary ostium is more than that of right coronary ostium. The mean diameter of left coronary ostium in male is 4.37mm ± 0.84 and in female it is 4.16mm ± 0.67. On the contrary, in case of right coronary ostium the mean diameter were 3.04mm ± 0.76 and 3.14mm ± 0.70 in male and female respectively. In 18% specimens multiple openings were observed in anterior aortic sinus. However, in 4% specimen anterior aortic sinus with no openings were also observed. Multiple openings were also seen in left posterior aortic sinus in 4% specimen. No openings were observed in the pulmonary sinuses and the right posterior aortic sinus. Knowledge of the level of ostia is very important to avoid difficulties during various diagnostic and surgical procedures, hence, to extract extra information regarding these issues, study was also extended to observe the level of ostia; and in this study right coronary ostium was found below Supravalvular Ridge (SVR) in 78% specimen, at SVR in 10% specimen and above SVR in 12% specimen. The left coronary ostium was found below SVR in 68% cases, at SVR in 16% cases and above SVR in 16% cases.
ABSTRACT
Metallothionein (NIT) and zinc concentrations have been estimated in luminal fluids of caput/corpus and cauda epididymis and serum of zinc deficient (ZD), pairfed (PF) and control--ad libitum fed (ZC) groups of Wistar rats. MT decreased significantly in luminal fluids of caput corpus and cauda epididymis and serum of zinc deficient rats as compared to their respective controls. However, the decrease was non-significant in luminal fluids of corpus epididymis and serum of 4-weeks zinc deficient animals as compared to their control. Zinc levels also declined significantly in luminal fluids of epididymis and serum of zinc deficient rats as compared to their respective pairfed and control groups. Thus zinc deficiency state reduces zinc and MT concentrations in luminal fluid of epididymis and serum.